Mechanical vaporizing oil burner



Nov. 13, 1923. 1,473,891

J. W. TYGARD ET AL MECHANICAL VAPORIZING OIL BURNER Original Filed Dec. 27. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 41 A A M Z 51 Fig.1. m 39 lmaizafigma QM? mfifi md v 1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (ITS Miginal Filed Dec.

J W TYGARD ET AL.

MECHANICAL VAPORIZING OIL BURNER Nov. 13,1923

Nov. '33,, 3923.

MECHANICAL VAPORIZING OIL BURNER Original Filed Dec. 27 920 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 ill dill

li otented lilovo 113, 319233.

entran stares attain entrant ounce.

JAMES WALLACE TYGAED AND ELIZABETH ANN EYE-ARE, QT TQRKHQ'TU, @lll'llllilitlW,

' CANADA.

MECHANICAL VAIPQRFIZIZNG @IUL BURNER;

@riginal application tilled ueeenteiar, n, sci-an in. centre. united and an application filed li-iovemher 29, l92l,$erlal lilo. 51153349. Renewed September 28, 19%.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, James WALLACE Troann and ELIZABETH ANN Troann, both citizens of the United States of America, and residing at 194, Balsam Avenue, Toronto, Province of Ontario, Dominion of Ganada, have invented certain new and useful lmprrovements in and Relatin to Mechanical aporizing Oil Burners, 0 which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an. atomizing device for producing a mixture of air andan atomized fluid Or fluids. The application is a divisional of my copending application Ser. No. 433,312.

The main object of this invention is to provide for the efiective atomization of low grade fuels or combinations of fuels and the mining of same with air, raising the temper'ature of the mixture at the point where the ingredients become thoroughly mixed and to provide means whereby low grade fuel oils may be atomized at very low temperatures.

A further object of this invention'is to provide an atomizing device for use as a carburettor with internal combustion engines, in which the quantity of mixture pro need on any one stroke of the piston element is equal to and not in excess of the displacement of the piston element, whereby a uniform mixture isproduced, the uantity of mixture produced being indepen ent of the engine speed.

Further in accordance with certain modifications shown herein, to provide for mechanically producing clouds of combustible oil and air and thus adapting the invention for use in oil burning furnaces of various ty es.

his invention consists in an atomizing device wherein air and a fluid or iiuids are discharged, atomized and mixed in passing through a valve controlled orilice under the influence of a difference in pressure between one side of the valve and the other, the said valve being caused to open at a predetermined diderence of pressure.

The atomizing device may be adapted for use as a carburettor with internal combustion engines by providing means whereby the said device may be connected with the engine so that the said ditilerence in pressure is created bya vacuum produced by the operation of a piston element associated with the engine. I

Further features and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the description iven below.

Reterring now to the accompanying drawingsz- Figure 1 is a section drawing of one form of our atomizing device comprising a carburettor adapted tor use with internal combustion engines. A

Fi ure 2 is a part plan showir-igthe raduate top of a fuel valve associated wit the carburettor.

Figure 3 is a section detail oat-one form of fuel valve with a tired inner tube.

Figure 4.- is a similar view showing a modification for very small carburettors.

Figure 5 is a similar view of another modification of fuel valve adapted to electrically heat or boil liquid or gaseous fuel in its passage through the valve.

Figure 6 is a section detail of the valve with priming attachment, and

Figure 7 is a section showing a modification whereby this new type of atomizer can be adapted for use with oil burning lurnaces.

We will first proceed to describe the form of atomizin device comprising a carburettor adapte for use with internal combustion engines.

A suitable body 1 (Figure 1) containing an air inlet 2, and a carburetted mixture outlet 3, is threaded to receive a suitable de- .tachable cover a, carrying on its lower portion a cylindrical body or shell 5. The body 1 has a valve seat 6 having its lower circular ed e formed on a sharp angle. Between the ody 1 and the cylindrical bed or shell 5 is formed an annular air space communicating with the inlet 2.

Within the shell 5 and connected thereto by means of a tlat web 9 is a cylindrical bod 5, the lower end of which is adapted to term a valve seat 8. this manner an annularair space 10 is provided between the shell 5 and the body 5 above the web 9 and a similar annular air space it is provided below the web 9.

Suitably tapered holes or nozzles 12-l2 aiiord communication between the annular air space 7 and space 10, additional conical taper holes 12 -12 communicate between the air space 7 and lower space 11 while the web 9 is pierced by a number of suitably tapered-passages or nozzles 13-13.

A detachablesub-cover 14 bored and suitably threaded to receive the hollow fuel valve 34 with its packin nut 15 and its packing 16 allows the uel valve to be ground upon its taper seat 8 T1118 subcover has formed within it a suitably threaded fuel passage 17 adapted to receive a strainer 18 and connecting the side openings 17" in the fuel valve with the fuel supply.

Located between'this sub-cover 14 and the main cover 4 to which it is attached, is formed a suitable altitude shutter or valve 19 pierced with holes 20 adapted to co-act withcorresponding holes 'in the sub-cover and open and close the same as the shutter 19 is partially rotated by means of the frictionally held knob or handle 21.

Mounted upon the sub-cover 14 is a suitable indicator or pointer 22 (Figure 1) which is extended over the top of hand wheel 34 of the hollow fuel valve for the purpose of indicating the divisions or graduations on the hand wheel, thereby showing the position of the fuel valve relative to the valve seat 8.

Figure, 3 shows a modified form of indicator 22 provided with an extension 22, said extension forminga support for a central tube 35 adapted to slide within a suitable guide tube 36 fixed within the holder 37 screwed into the hollow valve 34. A hollow packing nut 38 serves to compress the packing 39 preventing leakage.

Cross openings 40, 40, 40, 40, allow fuel entrance into and from the annular space 7 b within the fuel valve body.

The central tube 35 (Figures 1 to 5) may be arranged to conduct air, water, gas, oil or any liquid fuel which it may be desired to incorporate or mix with the regular fuel forming the mixture being carburetted, allowing the additional liquid or gaseous fuel to become thoroughly incorporated with the regular'fuel while undergoing the carburet ting process without previous admixture, either for economy or prevention of carbon deposit by water introduction as is sometimes imperfectly attempted in oil engines to lessen violence of explosion.

A trumpet or funnel shaped air inlet 41 is adjustably screwed upon the outer opening of the air inlet 2 to the carburettor, to increase the entering volume of air, while a suitably formed pipe and nozzle 42 suitably located within the venturi shaped air inlet may have its outer end connected to a suitable source of heat for the purpose of introducing heated air into the air used in the mixture if desired, the venturi vacuum assisting-to draw the heated air in.

A removable guide 23 attached to the carburettor body 1 carries a hollow stemmed mixture metering valve 24 faced preferably with an elastic or flexible cover or top 25 suitably secured by screws to valve 24. The

- guide 23 centres the metering valve 24 con trolling the entrance of the correctly proportioned fuel mixture into the vacuum chamber 3 of the carburettor. The valve is closed by means of a suitable spring 27 until the predetermined vacuum produced by the engine overcomes the springs resistance sufficiently to allow the fuel mixture valve 24 'to suddenly open and admit the mixture at a uniform high velocity, said velocity remaining practically constant at all engine speeds, thus" obviatin for correcting theinequalities of mixture properties caused by variations of mixture entering velocities in other carburetting systems. a

A thread 28 (Figure l) of suitable pitch is formed upon the lower part of the guide 23 carrying a suitable throttle nut 29 and actuating handle 51 adapted b its rotation to comprem or release a suitab e throttle spring 31 in the hollow stemmed fuel mixture Valve 24.

The method of operation and action of the present invention when applied to an in ternal combustion engine is as follows When the engine piston movement at any speed has caused sufficient vacuum in the manifold or passage leading from the carburettor to the engine to overcome the resistance of the spring 27, the valve 24 opens and the air and fuel or combination of fuels enters the vacuum chamber 3" at a very high velocity through the narrow opening be tween the flexible surface 25 of the valve 24 and the circular sharp edge 6 forming the mixture valve seat. The fuel or combination of fuels is wiredrawn through this narrow opening becoming thoroughly atomized and incorporated with the air on its passage therethrough. It should be noted that the entering velocity of the mixture is constant at all engine speeds and that the quantity of mixture produced at any one stroke of the piston is equal to and not in excess of the displacement of the piston.

The proportioning of liquid fuel composing part of the combustible mixture is accurately determined by the positionof the graduated fuel valve 34, relative to its tapered seat 8 located above and outside the vacuum chamber or engine manifold. The liquid fuel opening remains closed until opened by movement of the metering mixture valve 24. The air enters the carburettor through the trumpet shaped inlet 41 and together with the warm air when desired supplied from pipe 42, it passes through the passage 2 into the annular space 7.

Suitable side openings 12, 12* allow a uni-,

the necessity nevaeer form distribution of this air into the upper and lower central annular spaces 10, 11 of the carburettor. Suitable tapered holesor nozzles 13 allow this air under a slight comable head of pressure from the fuel opening a of the fuel valve 34, and combining with the lliquid the mixture is drawn through the narrow opening between the surface of the valve 24 and its seat on the opening of the valve. As the mixture is thus drawn through this narrow opening, considerable friction is set up and the air becomes thoroughly incorporated with minute fluid particles, thus forming a correct explosive mixture whose proportions are accurately determined before its entrance into the engine manifold. Its uniformity of proportion being constant at all speeds, it needsno compensating or correcting at varying speeds. Also, owing to the friction set up as the mixture is wiredrawn through this narrow opening the temperature of the mixture is considerably increased.

It is manifest that movement or partial rotation of the throttle 29 to an extent sufficient to compress the spring 31 will force thevalve 2 on its seat thereby stopping the engine, and a diminution of this throttle spring pressure will limit the time of opening and hence the amount of mixture admitted to the vacuum chamber, thus reducing the engine speed without in any way changing the proportions of the ingredients of the mixture being made.

As both the fuel openings and mixture openings are normally held closed, it is impossible for a backfire in the manifold to set the carburettor on fire.

As no float is necessary as in other carburettors it is apparent that this carburettor will function correctly in any position, even upside down.

The longitudinal central opening in the fuel valve serves a manifold purpose, either air or water to prevent carbon deposit and increase fuel economy, or kerosene or low grade fuel oils, may be introduced in combination with the gasoline usually employed to form the combustile mixture through the opening and this'combination of the liquid is effected before the pulverization of the fluid particles occurs.

If desired in very small carburettors the annular fuel space 7 a in the valve body may be omitted as in the modification shown in Figure 4: in which openings 43 serve to conduct the fuel from the passage 17 to the annulus above the valve seat 8. This can be used on motor cycles.

A modification of the metering Valve is shown in Figure 6 whereby an extreme movement of the throttle nut 29, tending to release the throttle spring 31 will cause the hollow adjusting screw 30 to contact with a suitable removable projection 33 on the priming rod 32 suitably attached to the mixture metering valve 24 thus compressing the valve spring 27 (Figure 1) and priming the carburettor.

The fuel valve 34: shown in Figure 3 is a modification whereby a fixed central tube may permit the adjustment of the fuel valve without leakage of liquid. The valve body isformed to receive the fixed central inner tube 36 packed against fuel leakage by the upper packing, the-hollow packing nut 38 being adapted to compress the packing 39 against the central tube and the guide tube holder 37 as shown. I

A further modification of the central fuel valve is shown in Figure 5 in which it is electrically heated to vaporize fuel passing through it. The central tube 35 is surrounded bya suitably insulated electrical resistance coil, or similar device 47 with electrical connections 48 adapted to be connected with any suitable source of electricity whereby heat of suitable intensity is produced in the insulated resistance coil 47 enclosing the central tube 35'to raise its temperature to a degree sufiicient to heat the liquid fuel surrounding it in the body of the fuel valve 3a to the degree desired to either boil, vaporize or preheat the fuel in its passage through the fuel valve. It is apparent that the heat produced in this manner will also raise the temperature of the gases or liquids passing through the inner tube 35.

A hollow packing nut 49 serves to compress a suitable packing 50 against a spacing collar 51 and the metallic faced resistance coil d7 thereby preventing leakage, while a similar packing nut 45 and packing 46 serves the same purpose at the lower end of the coil. Low grade fuels and combinations of fuels may thus have" their temperatures raised at the point of becoming incorporated and pulverized as they co-mingle in the process of carburetting in passing through the carburettor. The resultant loss of expansion of the carburette'd mixture, when hot air is used before carburetting is obviated and low grade fuel oils may be carburetted at very low atmospheric temperatures.

When this central Olpassage in the fuel valve is suitably heate by means of the 1nsulated resistance coil 4 .7 located around this central tube it permits the use of very'fow grade and thick oils, as part of the hydrocarbon fuel used. W'hen used as an aeronautical carburettor this feature becomes especially valuable and the altitude shutter permits of an increase of the air supply to be obtained to obviate owerloss occasioned by rarity of air at heig ts.

are

llllti EEO - a venturi-like opening 56 of moisture.

The vibrative tremor set up in the valve and mixture during the atomlzing and carburetting process the heat frictionally 1mparted to the mixture as it is drawn past the flexible vibratin surface and the fact that the carburettor 1S substantiall a metering or measuring apparatus'manu acturing and supplying the mixture only during the induction stroke, are important features of this carburettor, while the fact that the mixhim so manufactured is proportioned outside the vacuum chamber which it enters at uniform velocity at all engine speeds and conditions of throttle, explains the. uniformity of its character.

Various other modifications of our invention can be made for the purpose of adaptin our atomizer for use either under vacuum or under pressure to produce fuel mixtures for oil burning furnaces, illuminating gas, &c., or for aerating or incorporating or charging the air entering buildings or factories as woolen'mills, &.c., with a certain percentage I A preferred modi cation of our system for mechanically producing clouds of combustible oil and air mixture adapted for use in oil-burning furnaces as for the fire boxes of boilers, heaters, stoves or ovens, or to pulverize the Water in boilers of the flash type for'use inmotor boats,

automobiles, tractors or trucks is shown in Figure 7. In this adaptation of our atomizer as an oil burner the atomizer pro er is mounted in an inverted position wit in a protective casing or shell 53 of sections of suitable heat resisting material to protect it from the heat of the furnace wall or lining 54, the air entering the carburettor under suitable pressure through the air passa e 2* and passing into the air receiving c amber 7 The sections of the shell are spaced by radially disposed partitions 53 secured in place by fasteners 54' thereby providing between the edges of the shell sections.

The oil entering through the pipe 17"- passes into the fluid receiving chamber 7 The oil is projected under sufficient pressure to cause it to flow when the vibrating valve 24 is opened against the tension of a spring 31 by the compressed air entering through 2" causing a combustible mixture of finely pulverized oil and air to escape with great velocity through a discharge 52 rovided between the spaced outer edges of t e relatively concave disks which form the internal cham-' her into the mixture receiving chamber 55. The mixture passes through this chamber and is projected against a brick or other suitable heat resisting surface 54 where its combustion in combination with the air drawn in fmm suitable openings communicating with the outer atmosphere is afi'ected.

The pipe 44 communicating with the central opening 35 may be for the purpose of inmate lation of water or the oil used as fuel and:*

passed through suitable openings 57 formed in the shell 53. When the oil used as fuel is circulated as cooling medium its preheating will have a useful efiect in causing thick grades of oil to flow readily.

lt isto be observed that by reason of the discharge 52 the mixture is in efiect discharged radially into the chamber 55 which later is arranged concentrically about the inner chamber provided by the disks. It is likewise to be noted that the venturi-shaped outlet56 is arranged circumferentially about the discharge 52. I

Havingnow described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a mechanical vaporizing oil burner for the production of mixtures of air and liquids, the combination of a hollow fixed member, a vibrating member located within the body of the fixed member in such manner as to divide it into'substantially two compartments, whereby the movement of the vibrating member opens communication between said compartments when the vibrating member is actuated either by vacuum or pressure and automatically closes communication when ressure is released or vacuum broken, reguhatable means for-controlling the action of the vibrating member, means whereb a regulatable amountof gaseous or liquid f partment, means whereby their incorporation into a finely pulverized homogeneous combustible or stable vaporous mixture is,

efi'ected when passing from one compartment to the other, a suitable refractory or protective enclosing envelope or cover havmg suitable passages for the introduction of cooling mediums and suitable annular ogenings throu h the side of said cover a apte to con not the combustible vaporous mixtures generated in the carbureting device to the refractory wall or lining against which they burn when ignited.

2; In a mechanical vaporizing oil burner for the production of mixtures of air and liquids, the combination of a hollow fixed member, a vibrating member located within the body of the fixed member in such manner as to divide it into substantially two compartments, whereby the movement of the vibrating member opens communication beuel and air is admitted to one .com-

tween said compartments, regulatable means.

for controlling the action of the vibrating member, means, whereby a regulatable amount of gaseous or liquid fuel andair is admitted to one compartment and incorporated into a fine homogeneous combustible or stable vaporous mixture, a refractory or protective enclosing envelope or cover having annular openings through which the combustible vaporous mixtures generated in the carbureting device are conducted thereto. 4

3. In a mechanical vaporizing oil burner, the combination of a carbureting device including a pair of disks spaced at the outer edges thereof to provide an opening for discharging radially of the disks and an enclosing protective sectional shell forming a chamber about the disks and the sections of the shell being spaced to provide a venturishaped annular opening which is positioned in spaced circumferential relation with respect to the discharge opening, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. A mechanical vaporizing oil burner includin a main casing having a venturishape outlet extending entirely thereabout,

an annular chamber arranged within the main casing and having a radially directed peripheral discharge opening positioned concentrically of the venturi-shaped outlet.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

JAMES WALLACE TYGARD. ELIZABETH ANN TYGARD. 

